Trepanation Procedures/Outcomes: Comparison of Prehistoric Peru with Other Ancient, Medieval, and American Civil War Cranial Surgery

Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: a view into an ancient Andean practice.

In this study, patterns of prehistoric trepanation in the southern highlands of Peru were examined through an analysis of 11 Cuzco-region burial sites. Trepanations were found in 66 individuals, with several individuals exhibiting more than one trepanation, for a total of 109 perforations observed. The predominant methods used were circular cutting and scraping-methods that proved highly succes...

ancient legacy of cranial surgery

cranial injury, as it is known today, is not a new concern of modern medicine. on stepping on the earth, the man was in reality encountered with various types of injuries, particularly those of a cranial nature. leading a life, whether wild or civilized, has always been associated with injuries for human race from the very beginning of birth. therefore, managing cases of this type has gradually...

Ancient Legacy of Cranial Surgery

Cranial injury, as it is known today, is not a new concern of modern medicine. On stepping on the earth, the man was in reality encountered with various types of injuries, particularly those of a cranial nature. Leading a life, whether wild or civilized, has always been associated with injuries for human race from the very beginning of birth. Therefore, managing cases of this type has gradually...

a comparison of teachers and supervisors, with respect to teacher efficacy and reflection

supervisors play an undeniable role in training teachers, before starting their professional experience by preparing them, at the initial years of their teaching by checking their work within the proper framework, and later on during their teaching by assessing their progress. but surprisingly, exploring their attributes, professional demands, and qualifications has remained a neglected theme i...

Veterinary medicine and the American Civil War.